More thoughts on the subjunctive

Ok - I just finished a Portuguese class and am starting to realize I need to think about the subjunctive in a slightly different way. Here were some of my questions and the responses from my teacher:

Q: Why do I have to use the present subjunctive after an emotion related subjunctive trigger when I want to express a wish for something to happen in the future.

• An example in English: I hope that you will read the rest of this email. 
• How I wanted to write it in Portuguese (WRONG): Eu espero que você ler o resto deste email.
• Correct answer: Eu espero que você leia o resto deste email. 

A: When you are using a subjunctive trigger that uses a verb conjugated in the present tense - you are always going to follow it up with the present subjunctive. Most of the time triggers are emotional based. The subjunctive verb is going to match up to when you were having that emotion. So let's say you wish something will happen in the future. It doesn't matter that you want it to happen, what is important is that you are wishing in that present moment. (You can include details surrounding when you want it to happen in your sentence, but that won't change the verb tenses used.)

• Correct answer with additional timing details: Eu espero que [present] você leia [present subjunctive] o resto deste email antes do fim do dia.

Q: So how will I know when to use the future subjunctive?

A: There are 7 key future subjunctive triggers.

• Quando = when 
• Assim que = as soon as 
• Logo que = as soon as 
• Sempre que = whenever 
• Depois que = after 
• Enquanto = while 
• Se=if

Q: But I know that some of those "future"triggers are used with the present indicative tense (or what I like to call - the normal present). How do I know what tense to use when.

A: You will use the future subjunctive + a future tense (or imperative tense) whenever you are talking about something to happen in the future. You will use the trigger + the normal present or past when you are referring to something that happens all the time (starting in the past continuing to today) or that happened exclusively in the past. 

• Use Normal Tense: Depois que eu como carne eu me sinto mal (After I eat meat, I feel bad [and this happens every time I eat meat - I know from experience]) 
• Future Subjunctive (+normal future): Depois que eu comer carne vou dormir (After I eat meat, I will sleep [ I haven't eaten the meat yet but I suspect this will happen.])

• Use Normal Tense: Sempre que eu converso com minha filha, fico orgulhosa (Whenever I talk to my daughter, I am proud [and this happens every time I talk to her]) 
• Future Subjunctive (+normal future): Sempre que eu conversar com a minha filha ficarei orgulhosa (Whenever I talk to my daughter, I will be proud [Assume for a minute that I've never talked to her in the past, but I'm going to start doing it from now onwards. I know that everytime I talk to her in the future, this is how I will feel.])

• Use Normal : Quando você foi o supermercado, você comprou leite (When you went to the store, you bought milk. [This happened in the past, it's a fact]) 
• Future Subjunctive (plus the imperative): Quando você for o supermercado, compre leite, por favor. (When you go to the store, buy milk please. [You haven't gone yet, when you go in the future, whenever that might be, be sure to pick up milk.)

Q: What if I want express an emotion for something I wish had happened in the past? (E.g., I wish I knew now what I knew then or I wish now that I had money then.)

A: Need to get an answer for this - this was a question that came to me after class.